91´ô¸ç

Abstract

Co-operatives are member-owned organisations that follow a set of Co-operative Principles. When they partner with non-co-operative organisations, they risk compromising those principles. However, when partner organisations share those principles in their approaches or aspirations, the partnership generates mutual benefit. Mutual benefit can act as a governance mechanism for the partnership; it promotes co-operation and co-ordination by bringing partners together, maintaining a cohesive strategic direction, and promoting a common vision of the future. Concern for the community, for example, is a co-operative principle but it is also a typical approach among non-co-operatives and the alignment can support the partnership. Close alignment generates a high level of mutual benefit, while broad alignment generates a low level and therefore acts as a weaker mechanism. This article examines the role of mutual benefit in partnerships between the healthcare co-operative Saskatoon Community Clinic (SCC) and several University of Saskatchewan colleges, schools, departments, and divisions. Through these partnerships, the SCC hosts healthcare clinics, specialist healthcare services, and student placements, and generates research. In these cases, co-operation and co-ordination are either supported by a high level of mutual benefit, rely on an available status quo procedure, or are minimised by low interdependence between partners.

References

Bapna, R., Barua, A., Mani, D., & Mehra, A. (2010). Cooperation, coordination, and governance in multisourcing: An agenda for analytical and empirical research. Information Systems Research, 21(4),785-795.

Bevir, M. (2009). Interdependence. In Key Concepts in Governance (pp. 115-117). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446214817.n24

Bevir, M. (2012). Governance: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.

Brandsen, T., van de Donk, W., & Putters, K. (2005). Griffins or chameleons? Hybridity as a permanent and inevitable characteristic of the third sector. International Journal of Public Administration, 28(9-10), 749-765.

Burbage, L., Gonzalez, E., Dunning, L., Simon, P., & Kuo, T. (2014). Building mutually beneficial partnerships to improve physical activity opportunities through shared-use efforts in under-resourced communities in Los Angeles County. Preventive Medicine, 67(S1), S4-S9. 

Canadian Association of Community Health Centres (n.d.). 91´ô¸ç community health centres.

Choi, T., & Robertson, P. J. (2019). Contributors and free-riders in collaborative governance: a computational exploration of social motivation and its effects. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 29(3), 394-413.

Crozier, M. (2008). Listening, learning, steering: New governance, communication and interactive policy formation. Policy & Politics, 36(1), 3-19.

Davis, M. D., & Brams, S. J. (2021, January 24). Game Theory. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Domingo-Ferrer, J., Martínez, S., Sánchez, D., & Soria-Comas, J. (2017). Co-Utility: Self-enforcing protocols for the mutual benefit of participants. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 59, 148-158.

Edgar, L., Marshall, C., & Bassett, M. (2006). Partnerships: Putting good governance principles in practice (IOG 2006-54045). Institute on Governance.

Grandori, A. (1997). Governance structures, coordination mechanisms and cognitive models. Journal of Management and Governance, 1, 29-47.

Gruending, D. (1974). The First Ten Years. Community Health Services (Saskatoon) Association.

Institute on Governance (2021). What is Governance? Good governance draws on four key dimensions.

International Co-operative Alliance. (2018). Co-operative identity, values and principles.

Kleinwächter, W. (2006). Internet Co-Governance: Towards a multilayer multiplayer mechanism of consultation, coordination and cooperation (M3C3). E Learning and Digital Media, 3(3), 473-487.

Ostrom, E. (2000). Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 137-158.

Radinsky, J., Bouillion, L., Lento, E. M., & Gomez, L. M. (2001). Mutual benefit partnership: A curricular design for authenticity. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 33(4), 405-430.

Raeymaeckers, P., Vermeiren, C., Noël, C., Van Puyvelde, S., & Willems, J. (2017). The governance of public-nonprofit service networks: A comparison between three types of governance roles. Voluntas, 31(5), 1037-1048. 

Rands, S. (2012). Privilege and policy: A history of community clinics in Canada. Revised edition (G. P. Marchildon & C. Levington-Reid, Eds). Canadian Plains Research Centre/University of Regina (Original work published 1994).

Saskatchewan Council for Archives and Archivists. (n.d.). 1962: The College of Medicine and the "Doctors' Strike".

Sugden, R. (2015). Team reasoning and intentional cooperation for mutual benefit. Journal of Social Ontology, 1(1). 

Sugden, R. (2016). On David Gauthier's theories of coordination and cooperation. Dialogue, 55(4), 713-737.

U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities (n.d.). 91´ô¸ç us/Our members.

University of Saskatchewan. (2021). Student headcount and demographics.

University of Saskatchewan/College of Dentistry (n.d.) Saskatoon West Dental Clinic.

Wilson, J. Q. (1989). Bureaucracy: What government agencies do and why they do it. Basic Books.